there are no conflicts of interest, these brokers earn the same amount of money with both winning

and losing traders.

This type of forex broker is becoming increasingly popular because forex traders are reassured by 

the absence of this conflict of interest, as well as the fact that these brokers have an incentive to 

have profitable traders since they will increase their trading volumes and therefore the brokers' 

profits.

The B Book - used by Market Maker brokers

Forex brokers that use a B Book keep their clients' orders internally. They take the other side of 

their clients' trades, which means that the brokers' profits are often equal to their clients' losses. 

Brokerage firms are able to manage the risks associated with the holding of a B Book by using 

certain risk management strategies: internal hedging through the matching of opposite orders 

submitted by other clients, spread variations, etc. As the majority of retail traders lose money, the 

use of a B Book is very profitable for brokers.

It is obvious that this model generates conflicts of interest between brokers and their clients. 

Profitable traders can cause these brokers to lose money. Traders are often worried about being 

subject to the underhanded tactics of some brokers who seek to always be profitable. That's why 

the larger market maker forex brokers use a hybrid model that involves placing trades in an A 

Book or in a B Book based on traders' profiles.The hybrid model
The popularity of the hybrid model is understandable, as it allows forex brokers to increase their
profitability as well as their credibility. It also enables brokers to earn money off of profitable
traders by dispatching their trading orders to liquidity providers.To efficiently identify profitable traders, as well as unprofitable ones, forex brokers have software
that analyses their clients' orders. They can filter traders according to the size of their deposit (the
percentage of winning traders increases significantly for deposits over $10,000), the leverage used,
the risk taken on each trade, the use or non-use of protective stops, etc.
The hybrid model is not necessarily a bad thing for traders because the profits made off of traders
that are placed in the B Book enable hybrid brokers to provide all of their clients with very
competitive spreads, whether they are profitable or not. The main disadvantage of this system is
that if a hybrid broker mismanages the risk of the B Book, he can lose money and therefore
endanger the company.

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Therefore, norms and values had a lot of significances in human society, values and
norms is a guide in our daily routines in which shows us what is acceptable and what is not, all
norms make a society to reach their goals in a good conduct without misunderstanding. So, as we
are Tanzanians, we should know our norms and values as our role models in all aspects to ensure
success, without norms and values we can’t live in success way as we wish .so it is better for us to
promote our culture by followingWhat is the A Book and B Book that forex brokers use?
Forex trading is different from investing in shares or futures, because a broker can choose to trade
against his clients. This system used by "Dealing Desk" Market Maker brokers is known as "B
booking".
"No Dealing Desk" ECN/STP brokers send all of their clients' trades to the real market or to
liquidity providers. They therefore use the "A booking" system.
However, many forex brokers use a hybrid model which uses a B Book for clients who lose money
and an A Book for the profitable clients.
In the regulated futures contract and stock markets, all transactions are sent to an exchange that
confronts buyers' and sellers' orders by sorting them according to price and time of arrival.
The A Book - used by ECN / STP forex brokers
ECN/STP brokers all use an A Book, they are intermediaries that send their clients' trading orders
directly to liquidity providers or multilateral trading facilities (MTFs). These forex brokers make
money by increasing the spread or by charging commissions on the volume of orders. Therefo values and norms as a non-material culture.The A Book - used by ECN / STP forex brokers
ECN/STP brokers all use an A Book, they are intermediaries that send their clients' trading orders
directly to liquidity providers or multilateral trading facilities (MTFs). These forex brokers make
money by increasing the spread or by charging commissions on the volume of orders. Therefore,

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Norms are the specific guides that defines acceptable behavior in the society, definitely 

principles and rules. Norms are physical (can be seen) examples ones dressing style. Also, the are 

specific social rules which tells us what should be done or not. In many culture it deals with safety 

and properties also through norms individuals praise their action has well as reward or punish after 

the actions. Sometimes norms produce laws. norms are breakable not like laws and morality. The 

are generated by conformity and existence when there is community.

Norms contain the values of a specific culture in which people follows or believe in. they

contain traditional, customs, values and believe. Lastly in most cases there are not writing but in 

people’s mind 

Values are clusters of the acceptable behaviors. This are abstract ideas. People are appeal

to values being a component of culture thus tends to change from time to time. some values exist 

for long time while others perish. In ethics values donates the degree of important of something or 

action with the aim of determining what action are best to do or what is the best way to live or 

describe the significant of different actions. The following are types of values.

Individual values; Reflects how we show up in your life and your specific needs the 

principles you live by and what you consider important for your interest. Value to consider 

enthuasism, creativity, humility, and personal fulfillment.

Relationship values; Reflects how you relate to other people in your life be the friends, 

family, or colleagues in an organization. A relationship value includes opens, trust, generosity and 

carrying.Organization values; Reflects how organizations shows up and cooperative in the world
organization values including financial groups, team work, productivity and differently alliances
Society values; Reflects how your organization relate to the society. Society values include
future generation, environmental awareness, ecology and sustainability. The following are the
importance of values and norms in human societies in Tanzania.
Helps us to make decisions; The decision we make reflect our values and believes and their
always directed towards the specific purpose that satisfies our individual or collectively needs.
Also, we make deliberate choice to focus on what is important to us.

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Values regulate human behavior and help to guide the aspiration that each individual has 

his or her attitude towards life. Thus, the development and wellbeing of people or group way. 

Through values someone can control his or her behavior in a right way of life. For example, 

someone can control his or her behavior to get praise and prestige in the society. So, that is the 

importance of values in the human society like Tanzania.

Contribute to the process of acceptance and personal development when we respect our 

self and we able to make positive judgment about ourselves. We are being part of process of

personal growth that is only possible through values of personal growth that is only possible 

through values (Hermann 2016)

Enhances clear communication, values like awareness, trust sincerely, kindness or

education help us to establish clear communication with other people. Thus, become fundamental 

so that people can interact with each other. interaction happens because one become a way of what 

is really important for each person and to those extent it becomes possible to include those aspect 

within the personal divisive.

 Norms provide order in society, it is difficult to see how human society could operate 

without social norms, People need norms to guide and direct the behavior to provide order a and 

predictability on social relationship and to make sense of understanding of each other’s actionsNorms and values motivate to cultivate or production and continue to seek for the
perfection of individuality through concentration on what is important for each one, for example
in Sukuma society, agriculture and hardworking is their value which helps them in production of
different things like crops and other cultural goods. So that is the importance of values and norms
in human society.
 Also, norms promote peace and harmony, most of the norms needs us to live in the
acceptable behavior in order to ensure all peoples are respecting each other every should get his or
her rights without any bias or obstacles ,for example in Tanzania ,children are highly assisted on
respecting elders in order to create a conducive condition of peace and harmony between them,
violating norms can lead to misunderstanding and conflicts within a society or community.so that
is the importance of norms in human society.

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